📐 Conventions & Technical Specifications — dhatupatha

This document defines the classification schemes, language tagging, and typographic conventions of the dhatupatha edition.

---

1. The 10 Gaṇas of the Pāṇinīya Tradition

The Dhātupāṭha groups the entire Sanskrit verbal inventory into 10 canonical root classes (gaṇas):

No.	Gaṇa Name (IAST)	Gaṇa Name (Devanāgarī)	Distinguishing Feature
1	Bhvādigaṇaḥ	भ्वादिगणः	Thematic class (śap infix, Guṇa strengthening)
2	Adādigaṇaḥ	अदादिगणः	Root inflection without class infix (luk)
3	Juhotyādigaṇaḥ	जुहोत्यादिगणः	Reduplicated root class (ślu)
4	Divādigaṇaḥ	दिवादिगणः	śyan infix (-ya-)
5	Svādigaṇaḥ	स्वादिगणः	śnu infix (-no-/-nu-)
6	Tudādigaṇaḥ	तुदादिगणः	Thematic without Guṇa (śa)
7	Rudhādigaṇaḥ	रुधादिगणः	Nasal infix (śnam)
8	Tanādigaṇaḥ	तनादिगणः	u infix (u)
9	Kryādigaṇaḥ	क्र्यादिगणः	śnā infix (-nā-/-nī-)
10	Curādigaṇaḥ	चुरादिगणः	Causative/denominative class (ṇic)

---

2. Aupadeśika Markers & Anubandhas (It-Letters)

In Pāṇini's grammatical metalanguage, roots in their primitive canonical form (upadeśa) are augmented with auxiliary markers (it / anubandha) that govern morphological operations:

• Prefixal markers: e.g., टु (triggers suffix -thu), डु (conditions Kṛt derivation), इर् (indicates aorist stem formation).
• Suffixal markers: e.g., nasalized vowels or consonants such as ञ् (indicates Ubhayapada voice), ण् (triggers Vṛddhi), क् (blocks Guṇa and Vṛddhi).
• The dataset records both the canonical stripped root form (dhatu) and the traditional citation form with markers (aupadeshik).

---

3. Language Tagging (BCP 47)

• sa / xml:lang="sa": Sanskrit text in Devanāgarī (e.g., भू, सत्तायाम्).
• sa-Latn / xml:lang="sa-Latn": Sanskrit in scientific IAST transliteration (e.g., bhū, sattāyām).
• en: English translations of verbal meanings (arthas).
• de: Accompanying German documentation and methodology notes.

---

4. Diacritics and Font Standards

• IAST Transliteration: Rigorous adherence to standard Unicode code points:
  • Long vowels: ā, ī, ū
  • Vocalic liquids: ṛ, ṝ, ḷ, ḹ
  • Retroflex consonants: ṭ, ḍ, ṇ, ṣ
  • Palatal & velar stops/nasals: ś, ñ, ṅ
  • Anusvāra & Visarga: ṃ, ḥ
• Punctuation: Native Unicode Dandas (। = U+0964, ॥ = U+0965) and Avagraha (ऽ = U+093D) are used instead of ASCII vertical pipes or apostrophes.

---

5. Typographic Conventions in Typst

• Two-Column Tabular Grid:
  • Clean separation of columns with a subtle vertical line (grid.vline(stroke: 0.4pt + luma(180))).
  • Bold Devanāgarī root with pitch accents, followed by italicized IAST and English translation.
• Marginal Concordance:
  • Every dictionary page features outer-margin notes referencing the historical print page ([p. 26]).
• Running Headers:
  • Dynamic header labels generated from the active Gaṇa section.